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But where does this hat with rigid and majestic lines come from? How did it become a symbol of social distinction and refinement? Let's dive into the fascinating history of the top hat.
1. The Origins of the Top Hat
The top hat appears at the end of the 18th century in Europe, a time when men's fashion was evolving towards more structured and sophisticated lines.
The Beginnings in England
The invention of the top hat is often attributed to British hatter John Hetherington, who allegedly wore it in 1797 in London, causing a crowd to gather and a scandal.
At that time, men still wore the tricorn or bicorn, and the top hat represented a bold stylistic break.
A Quick Adoption in France
Under the influence of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire, the top hat spreads in France.
It is worn by aristocrats and the upper bourgeoisie to assert their social status.
Did you know?
The first top hats were made of beaver felt, a noble and durable material, before wool felt and silk took over in the 19th century.
2. The Golden Age of the Top Hat
The 19th century marks the peak of the top hat, which becomes a must-have in men's fashion.
A Symbol of Elegance and Power
It is adopted by monarchs, politicians, and industrialists, symbolizing wealth and authority.
It accompanies the three-piece suits and frock coats of distinguished men.
Presence in Culture and Art
Artists and writers like Charles Baudelaire or Victor Hugo wear it, reinforcing its intellectual and romantic image.
It becomes a key accessory in the world of entertainment and circus, notably with Charlie Chaplin or magicians who use it for their illusions.
An Accessory for Special Occasions
It becomes mandatory at certain ceremonies and prestigious events, such as horse races or society balls.
In the Victorian era, it is often worn with a waistcoat, tie, and cane, reinforcing its aristocratic character.
Did you know?
The top hat even influenced the evolution of transportation: the first roofless cars had to be designed with enough space to accommodate passengers wearing this imposing hat.
3. The Decline of the Top Hat
In the 20th century, the top hat gradually lost popularity to more practical and less rigid headwear.
The Rise of Softer Hats
With the evolution of fashion and transportation, the top hat is replaced by more functional models like the fedora, homburg, or trilby.
It becomes less common in daily wear but remains worn at official ceremonies.
An Accessory Reserved for Special Occasions
It is still used in certain prestigious events such as royal weddings, state ceremonies, or horse races like Ascot.
It is part of the uniforms of certain professions, notably coachmen, ambassadors, and funeral directors.
The Top Hat Today
It remains a symbol of elegance in evening wear and stage costumes.
Major hat makers, like Lock & Co Hatters in London or Maison Michel in Paris, perpetuate its craftsmanship.
It is often used in alternative fashion, steampunk or cosplay.
Did you know?
American President Abraham Lincoln wore a top hat so tall that he sometimes hid important documents inside it!
Conclusion
The top hat is much more than a simple fashion accessory: it embodies elegance, power, and history.
Born at the end of the 18th century, it established itself in the 19th century as the headwear of the elite.
It becomes a symbol of masculine elegance, adopted by monarchs, intellectuals, and dandies.
Its use declined in the 20th century, but it remains a timeless icon, used for special occasions and haute couture.