Who invented the Basque beret?

The Basque beret is now an unmistakable symbol of the Basque Country, and more broadly of France. But where does it really come from? Its history goes back much further than we imagine and its origin is surrounded by many misconceptions. Let's dive into the past to discover who really invented the Basque beret.

An accessory that does not come from the Basque Country

Despite its name, the Basque beret does not originate from the Basque Country. It actually comes from the Pyrenees, more specifically from Béarn. As early as the Middle Ages, Béarnais shepherds made these woolen headwear to protect themselves from cold and humidity.

Made from sheep's wool, the beret was warm, waterproof, and lightweight. An ideal ally for facing the sometimes harsh conditions of the Pyrenean mountains.

A growing popularity

Over the centuries, the beret crossed regional borders and gained notoriety. In the 19th century, beret manufacturing became a real industry, particularly thanks to the town of Oloron-Sainte-Marie, where several specialized workshops were established.

At that time, workers and soldiers also adopted the beret for its comfort and practicality. It was no longer just the preserve of shepherds, but became an everyday headwear.

Why do we talk about "Basque beret"?

If the beret was indeed born in Béarn, why is it called "Basque beret"? Simply because it was widely adopted by the Basques who integrated it into their culture and traditional attire.

Sailors, peasants, and even resistance fighters during World War II made it a symbol of pride and identity. It has been exported far beyond the Basque Country, particularly to Latin America, where it is still worn today.

The beret today: between tradition and modernity

Having become an iconic accessory, the beret continues to be manufactured according to ancestral know-how, notably by houses such as Laulhère, one of the last historical manufacturers in France.

While it has long been associated with older generations, it is now making a strong comeback in fashion, worn by celebrities and revisited by designers. A symbol of elegance and character, it remains timeless.

In conclusion

Contrary to what its name suggests, the Basque beret is actually a Béarnais heritage that has managed to conquer the Basques and many other cultures around the world. From its pastoral use to its adoption by artistic and political movements, it embodies a part of French history and remains a strong symbol of textile heritage.